Socio-Legal Psychology

  

    Foley, L. A., & Chamblin, M. H. (1982). The effect of race and personality on mock jurors decisions. The Journal of Psychology, 112, 47-51.

    In one of the most relevant areas of research regarding the common law jury system, Foley and Chamblin have shown that mock jurors are indeed biased towards certain final decisions by a number of non legally relevant pieces of evidence, in this case namely the defendants and victims race.

    Gerbasi, K. C., Zuckerman, M., and Reis, H. T. (1977).  Justice needs a new blindfold: A review of mock jury research. Psychological Bulletin, 84 (2),  323-345.

    This is the starting point I used for the majority of my jury research paper.  This is a comprehensive look at psychological research of how extra-evidental factors influence jurors.  It includes many studies that I did not include in my report, and will likely not discuss in my 'Forensic Notes' section.  I definitely recommend checking it out.

    Kovera, M. B., Gresham, A. W., Borgida, E., Gray, E., & Regan, P. C. (1997).  Does expert psychological testimony inform or influence juror decision making?  A social cognitive analysis.  Journal of Applied Psychology, 82 (1), 178-191.

    Investigated the effects of standard, repetitive, and concrete testimony  on jury.  Also looks at the effectiveness of preparation of child witnesses.

    Moran, G., & Cutler, B. L. (1991). The prejudicial impact of pretrial publicity. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21, 345-367.

    In Canada the media is limited in its freedom to provide trial coverage due to the possibility of it confounding jurors decisions.  This has in recent times come to be a problem in the United States.  However, Moran & Cutler (1991) have shown that this media blackout that occurs during canadian trials may not be enough, and that simply seeing the accused being arrested and taken away by the police can increase the jury's belief in his/her guilt and thereby increasing the rate of conviction.

    Myers, D., & Kaplan, M. (1976). Group-induced polarization in simulated juries. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2, 63-66.

    Myers & Kaplan have shown that the simple fact that a jury is a group can cause serious issues.  Like many other group situations mock jury's have shown strong evidence of group think and group polarization, meaning, that when the entire Jury agrees on a verdict, this agreement reinforces their own beliefs and can take them to extreme levels.  For example a jury that agrees that a defendant is guilty may decide on the death penalty, even though initially none of the members may have wanted that.  It occurs simply because their original convictions have been reinforced and elevated by the group.

    Nagao, D. H., & Davis, J. H. (1980). The effects of prior experience on mock juror case judgments. Social Psychology Quarterly, 43 (2), 190-199.

    Nagao & Davis have provided a very original and interesting article.  They found that jurors with previous deliberation experience can be shown to have a bias towards either guilt or innocence depending on the outcome of their previous trial.

    Poulson, R. L., Wuensch, K. L., & Brondino, M. J. (1998).  Factors that discriminate among mock jurors' verdict selectsions: Impact of the guilty but mentally ill verdict option.

    A mock jury investigation with two conditions: with or without the availablility of the "guilty but mentally ill" (GBMI) verdict.  Effects are compared between the availability of the GBMI versus the usage of "not guilty by reason of insanity".

    Sigall, H, & Ostrove, N. (1975). Beautiful but dangerous: Effects of offender attractiveness and nature of the crime on juridic judgement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 410-414.

    The authors found the jury members have specific stereotypes of certain crimes and that these stereotypes control the tendency towards conviction.  An example of this is the 'con artist'.  Jurors typically believed that this criminal would be attractive, and subsequently, attractive defendants were convicted at higher rates.  The same result occurs with robbery and unattractive defendants.